han, if not the martial arts of Shaolin will surely spread across Great Liao. It will be too late if you try to attempt another ambush at YanMen Pass.”

When the crowd of Shaolin monks heard it, they were overwhelmed with shock, mostly like his speech is not false, if the martial arts of Shaolin spread into Liao nation it would be like a tiger that has grown wings, what should they do? Along with the rest of the crowd of heroes, they pondered: “No matter what we definitely cannot let this man leave the mountain alive!”

Xiao Feng said: “Father, at that time the leading big brother killed my mother, it is due to misunderstanding, although he was impulsive but he did not deliberately commit evil. However there is another evil person, he killed my foster parents the Qiao couple, my reputation became tainted, father do you know who is the person?”

Xiao YuanShan laugh and said: “Child, i killed the Qiao couple!”

Xiao Feng had a huge shock, his voice trembled: “Father, you killed them? Why…..why?”

Xiao YuanShan said: “You are my biological child, husband, wife and son, the whole family united together, can you imagine the happiness? But these southern warriors treat us Khitans as lower than pigs and dogs, they kill us for no reason, they stole my son and gave him to someone else, become other people’s son. The Qiao couple pretend to be your parents, since they take away my family bliss and they never told you the truth, then they deserve to die.”

Xiao Feng heart turn sour, he said: “My foster parents treat me extremely well, both of them are very good people. That being the case, the one who set fire on Dan household, murdered grandma Tan, Zhao QianSun, etc, it was……”

Xiao YuanShan said: “Correct! I did it. Although master ZhiGuang died, but i still strike his ‘Taiyang acupoint’ to vent my anger. These people knew the leading big brother who killed your mother, but they refuse to say, each and every one of them shielded him, don’t tell me they don’t deserve to die?”

Xiao Feng was speechless, he pondered: “The ‘Great evil person’ i have been tracking down all along, it turns out to be my father, this…what should i say?” he said slowly: “Shaolin Master XuanKu instructed me in martial arts, 10 years of effort, my achievements today is entirely due to revered teacher’s training…..” he lowered his head, his eyes tearful.

Xiao YuanShan said: “These southern martial artists are devious and treacherous, how can they be good? I killed XuanKu with a single palm.”

The crowd of Shaolin monks chanted in unison: “Buddha is merciful, Buddha is merciful!” their voice full of grief ad indignation, although they have yet to step forward to challenge Xiao YuanShan, but their chanting already contain deep sorrow and anguish, it already embodied their determination, they will not let the matter rest.

Xiao YuanShan continued: “Among the people who killed my beloved wife and snatch away my only son, there is the Chief of Beggar Clan, there are also experts from Shaolin, hei hei, they only hope to cover this bloody sin forever, turn my son into a Han Chinese, make my son take the enemy as master, succeed the enemy and become the Chief of Beggar Clan. Hei hei, child, after i land a palm on XuanKu, i hide myself nearby, soon after i saw you paying respect to that bald thief. XuanKu saw the resemblance in us father and son, he assume it was you who hit him, even that young Buddhist monk cannot differentiate between us father and son. Child, we Khitan endured injustice and their bullying, do you think it is enough?”

Xiao Feng finally understood, why at that time when Master XuanKu saw him, unexpectedly he was so startled, why that young Buddhist monk adamantly accuse him of killing XuanKu. Who would have expect the true killer to be someone who bear strong resemblance with him, linked closely by flesh and blood?

Xiao Feng said: “Since father killed these people, then there is no difference from me killing them, it seems i did not bear this bad reputation in vain.”

Xiao YuanShan said: “The chief evil who lead the ambush at YanMen Pass, the one who destroyed my family, i have investigated everything clearly. If i kill him with a single palm, won’t he get off too lightly? Ye ErNiang, wait!”

He saw Ye ErNiang holding onto Xu Zhu, step by step they are walking further away, at once he shouted out to stop her: “Who help to deliver your child, if you refuse to say then i will say it. I hide beside Shaolin for so many years, i enter the temple every night, which matter can escape my eyes? Both of you meet at Ziyun Cave, he ask grandma Qiao to deliver your child, various kind of affairs, i need to narrate everything in full details?”

Ye ErNiang turn around, she rush several steps towards Xiao YuanShan, knelt down and said: “Old hero Xiao, you are humane and righteousness, please be magnanimous, spare me, spare him. My child and your son are sworn brothers, he….he…he have great reputation in the martial arts fraternity, his status and position….he is so old already, if you want to kill then please kill me only, don’t…..please don’t trouble him.”

Previously the crowd heard Xiao YuanShan mentioned Xu Zhu’s father is a ‘reputable eminent monk’, now Ye ErNiang said his reputation is great, his status and position extremely high, putting the descriptions together, could it be this person is an eminent monk from Shaolin? Everyone cannot help but gaze towards the white-haired old monks from Shaolin.

Suddenly abbot XuanCi said: “Excellent, excellent! Since there is a cause, then there must be a resolution. Xu Zhu, come over here!” Xu Zhu walk towards abbot XuanCi and kneel down. XuanCi scrutinize him for a long time, he stretch out his hands to caress Xu Zhu’s head gently, his face tender and loving, he said: “You have been in the temple for 24 years, unexpectedly i did not know you are my son!”

When he finish speaking the crowd of monks and heroes made a huge clamour. Everyone had looks of being flabbergasted, appalled, disgust, anger, fear, pity, all sorts of expression, it is really hard to describe. Abbot XuanCi is a person of high moral standings and reputation, everyone admire and respect him very much, who would have imagine him to commit such act? The disturbance went on for half of the day before coming to a rest.

XuanCi said unhurriedly, his voice still serene and calm like normal: “Senior Xiao shizhu, you were separated from your son for 30 years, you cannot meet him, however you knew his martial art is excellent, his reputation soaring, he is a first class hero, in your heart you must certainly be comforted. I get to see my son every day, however i thought he was taken away by some ruffian, his life and death unknown, i worry day and night.”

Ye ErNiang cried: “If….if you didn’t say it, won’t….won’t it be better? What to do now?” XuanCi said tenderly: “ErNiang, i already commit the evil deed, it is too late to go back, it is useless to cover up the truth. All these years, you have suffer much!” Ye ErNiang weep: “No! You suffer in silence, unable to voice it out, that is true suffering.”

XuanCi shake his head slowly, he said: “Senior Xiao shizhu, the battle at YanMen Pass, old monk made a huge mistake. My brothers forgave me for this matter but one by one they lost their lives. Previously old monk tie my hands and voluntary seek death, i intend to let your esteemed son kill me to avenge his mother, however your esteemed son is benevolent, he refuse to kill old monk and let me live till today. Today, old monk voluntary seek death again, it is truly long overdue.” suddenly he raised his voice and said: “Murong Bo senior Murong shizu, at that time you spread false information, you claim a Khitan warrior is carrying out a large scale attack to seize Shaolin’s martial art manuals, eventually this led to all kinds of sin, have you ever felt a twinge of guilt and regret?”

Everyone heard him say the name ‘Murong Bo’, they was startled. The crowd knew that Gentleman Murong’s father had a single name ‘Bo’, however he died a long time ago, how come XuanCi suddenly call out his name? Could it be the person who spread false information is Murong Bo? Everyone follow the direction of his gaze, however his pair of eyes are focusing on the grey-robed monk sitting under the tree.

The grey-robed monk gave a long laugh, he stood up and said: “Great master abbot, your eyesight is terrific, unexpectedly you recognize me.” he pull away his face curtain, revealing his lively and refined features and long drooping white eyebrows.

Murong Fu was pleasantly surprised, he shouted out: “Father, you….you are still alive?” countless questions bubble forth: Why did father fake his death? Why did he conceal it even from his own son?

XuanCi said: “Senior Murong shizu, i known you for many years, i respect your character deeply. That day you inform of this matter, old monk firmly believe you without any doubt. Later on i accidentally injure a good person, from then on old monk never saw you again. Afterwards i receive news of your death due to illness, old monk felt deep sorrow and lament, i assume you and i are the same, we mistakenly believe someone else’s false information, ultimately leading to numerous sins, thus you died early due to guilt, who would have expect…..sigh!” his deep sigh embodied boundless regret and condemnation.

Xiao YuanShan and Xiao Feng look at each other, only until now, both father and son finally got hold of the identity of the person who spread false news, the person who instigated the matter and created the disaster, unexpectedly it is Murong Bo. Xiao Feng pondered: “The disaster at YanMen Pass, although abbot XuanCi is the leader, but he is Shaolin’s abbot, he is duty bound to protect Great Song and the martial art manuals of his temple. Later on when he discovered the mistake, he did his utmost to atone for it. The true evil person, it is Murong Bo not XuanCi.”

When Murong Fu heard XuanCi’s speech, he understood immediately: “Father spread the false news, it is to incite a big battle between Song and Liao, eventually leading to war between Song and Liao, my Great Yan can then take advantage from within. After the event, XuanCi will inevitably seek my father out to question him. Since father cannot defend himself, his status as a great hero, a towering figure, he cannot admit the matter and destroy his lifelong illustrious reputation. He knew abbot XuanCi’s temperament, if he die then XuanCi will never disclose the truth behind the matter and damage his reputation after death.” immediately after he had another thought: “After father’s death, Murong family’s reputation is unaffected, i can still continue the great undertaking to restore Great Yan. If not, the heroes of Central Plains will surely treat Murong family as the enemy, it is difficult to even survive let alone gather forces to restore Yan nation. Thus, at that time, he definitely have to fake death. It seems that father is afraid of my youthful vigour, i will inevitably give the game away, thus he concealed his death from me. Other than mother, i am afraid even elder brother Deng and the others are kept in the dark as well.”

XuanCi said unhurriedly: “Senior Murong shizu, today old monk heard you advising your esteemed son, unexpectedly your Gusu Murong family is the descendant of monarch, hatching a grand scheme. The true purpose of spreading false news, it became apparent right away. However your grand scheme, ultimately it is difficult to achieve, aren’t you causing the death of many innocent lives in vain?”

Murong Bo said coldly: “Man propose but heaven dispose!”

XuanCi’s expression is compassionate, he said: “My junior martial brother XuanBei, he receive orders from me to inquire the matter from you, perhaps his speech offended you, or he found out some clues at your home and deduced your intention to revolt, thus you killed him to prevent him from divulging the secret.” Murong Bo laugh and did not reply.

XuanCi continued: “But you killed Ke BaiSui, Ke shizu, why?”

Murong Bo laugh darkly and said: “Senior abbot is incomparably astute, you rarely step out of your temple main gate but you know all the matters in Jianghu like the back of your hand, i admire you greatly. I want you to make a guess for this matter…..” he have yet to finish when two men bellowed simultaneously and pounce towards him, its ‘Golden Abacus’ Cui BaiQuan and his martial nephew Guo YanZhi. Murong Bo brush his sleeve, both Cui and Guo were thrown several zhang away, they lie down on the floor and remain motionless, unexpectedly both of them was hit by his [Finger Within The Sleeve].

XuanCi said: “Ke shizu is rich and powerful, his conduct cautious. En, you recruit solders and horses, accumulate wealth and stockpile grains, you settled on Ke shizhu’s property, you want to recruit him and make him take up Murong’s ‘Yan banner’. Ke shizhu refused, maybe he even try to report you to the authorities.”

Murong Bo laugh heartily, he stick out his thumb and said: “Senior abbot is amazing, amazing! But it is a pity, you are able to see the minute details but you fail to see the major issues. Elder brother Xiao and i hide beside your noble temple for so many years, unexpectedly you remain completely ignorant about it.”

XuanCi shake his head slowly, he sigh and said: “It is easy to understand others, but difficult to understand oneself. It is not easy to subdue an enemy, but to subdue the greed, anger and delusion in one’s heart, the three poison, it is incomparably difficult.”

Murong Bo said: “Senior abbot, base on our former friendship, i will speak forthright and not hide anything from you. What else you wish to inquire?”

XuanCi said: “The Vice-Chief of Beggar Clan Ma DaYuan, Madam Ma, Clan Elder Xu ChongXiao, Clan Elder Bai ShiJing, four of them, senior Murong shizhu did you kill them, or they were killed by senior Xiao shizu?”

Xiao Feng said: “Madam Ma and Bao ShiJing conspired together to kill Ma DaYuan, Elder Xu was killed by both of them as well, Bai ShiJing was killed by his own clan member when they tidy up clan affair, Madam Ma died during the tidying of clan affair as well. As for the details, Prince Duan from Dali and Beggar Clan’s Elder Zhu saw and heard everything. If abbot wish to know the details you may find out from both of them later.”

Xiao YuanShan took two steps forward, he point at Murong Bo and shouted: “Old thief Murong, previously i traded palm 3 times with you, i deeply regret not knowing you true colours, i did not kill you. Come over here to receive death!”

Murong Bo gave a long laugh and leap swiftly up the mountain. Xiao YuanShan and Xiao Feng shouted: “Chase!” they chase after him separately from left and right. The 3 of them had reached the pinnacle of martial arts, in a blink of an eye they already move far away. Murong Fu shouted: “Father, father!” he followed and chase as well. His lightness martial art is excellent, however it appear insignificant when compared to the 3 experts. Murong Bo, Xiao YuanShan and Xiao Feng, 1 in front and 2 behind, unexpectedly the 3 of them are running towards Shaolin Temple. A grey shadow and two black shadow, in a split second they vanished behind the yellow walls and glazed tiles of Shaolin Temple.

The crowd was greatly surprised, they pondered: “The martial arts of Murong Bo and Xiao YuanShan are on par with each other, in addition their sons are assisting as well, Murong family will lose for sure. How come Murong Bo did not run down the mountain to escape, on the contrary he enter Shaolin Temple?”

Deng BaiChuan, GongYe Gan, Bao BuTong, Feng BoE, as well as 18 Khitan warriors, they want to run up the mountain to assist their master, when they are just about to move, XuanJi shouted out: “Deploy the formation and stop them!” around a hundred Shaolin monks chorus, row after row they block the road up the mountain, their staff or blade held horizontally, they prevent anyone from advancing. XuanJi said in a stern voice: “Shaolin Temple is a sacred Buddhist site, it is not a place for private fights. Shizhu, please do not enter without permission.”

Deng BaiChuan and the rest saw their impressive power, they knew they cannot break through, although they are concern about their master but they have no choice but to stop. Bao BuTong said: “Correct, correct! Shaolin Temple is a sacred Buddhist site……” all along he always begin with “not true, not true!”, unexpectedly he change to “correct, correct!”, those who knew him were flabbergasted, however Bao BuTong continued: “…a sacred site for raising illegitimate child!”

When he finish speaking, several hundred pair of angry eyes shoot towards him. Bao BuTong is reckless, he is fully aware there are many martial art experts among Shaolin monks, he is certainly no match for any of the monks from ‘Xuan’ generation, he have always been blunt and forthright, he never consider the consequence before speaking. Several hundred Shaolin monks glare at him angrily, he also glare back angrily, his eyes unblinking.

XuanCi said brightly: “Old monk broke a major prohibition and brought disgrace to Shaolin’s clear reputation. Junior martial brother XuanJi, base on our temple’s regulation, what is the punishment?” XuanJi said: “This…..martial brother…..” XuanCi said: “A nation has its own law, a family has its own regulation. Regardless of which sect, school, clan or temple, they will inevitably produce some unworthy disciples. To maintain a clear reputation, it is not to hope nobody will ever break the rules, but to enforce the law and administer justice, no tolerance to any evil deeds. Law enforcement monk, administer 130 rods on Xu Zhu, 100 rods for his own sin, 30 rods for which he willingly accept in place of his master HuiLun.”

The law enforcement monk look at XuanJi. XuanJi nod his head. Xu Zhu is already kneeling down to receive punishment. At once the law enforcement monk lifted his rod, rod after rod it landed on Xu Zhu’s back and buttocks, his flesh lacerated from the punishment, blood splatter in all direction. Ye ErNiang felt her heart ached, however she is fearful of XuanCi’s strict manner, she don’t dare to plea for leniency.

With great difficulty 130 rod was completed, Xu Zhu did not use his internal energy to resist, he was in so much pain that he can’t stand on his feet. XuanCi said: “From now on, you are expelled from the monastic order, you are not a Shaolin monk anymore.” Xu Zhu shed tears and said: “Yes!”

XuanCi continued: “XuanCi commit lascivious act, he commit the same sin as Xu Zhu, his punishment is doubled due to his capacity as Shaolin’s abbot. Even if Bao shizhu did not say it, Shaolin’s regulation will definitely not let him off lightly. Law enforcement monk, punish XuanCi heavily with 200 rods. Shaolin’s clear reputation is of top priority, there cannot be any leeway.” when he finish speaking he crouch down on the ground, facing the distant Buddha statue at Shaolin’s Hall of Great Strength, he lifted his monk robe, revealing his bare back.

The crowd of heroes look at each other in dismay, Shaolin’s abbot being punished in public, it is truly horrifying, it greatly go against convention.

XuanJi said: “Martial brother, you……” XuanCi said sternly: “Shaolin’s hundred years of clear reputation, how can it be spoiled by me?” XuanJi said tearfully: “Yes! Law enforcement monk, administer the rod.”

Two law enforcement monk put their palms together, bow and said: “Abbot, please pardon our offense.” at once they stood upright, lifted the punishment rod and strike towards XuanCi’s back. Both monk knew that when XuanCi is being punished, the most painful feeling is not due to physical pain, but the pain of being humiliated in front of everybody, if they hold back while striking bystanders will be able to detect it and it will become a matter for gossip, then abbot XuanCi would have suffer humiliation for nothing, thus they did not hold back and strike forcefully, ‘Pa Pa’ sound, in a short period of time XuanCi’s back and buttocks are riddled with rod scar, blood splattering on his monk robe. The crowd of monks listen to the law enforcement monk counting of rods, they lowered their head and pray to Buddha in silence.

Pudu Temple’s Master DaoQing said abruptly: “Senior martial brother XuanCi, your esteem temple values monastic discipline, abbot receiving punishment in public, i really admire very much. But senior martial brother XuanCi is old, moreover you refuse to use your internal energy to protect your body, you cannot withstand this 200 rods. I may be presumptuous but let me make a suggestion, since we already administer 80 rods, we will take note of the remaining rods and administer another day, it will not violate your esteem temple’s monastic discipline.” a large number of people shouted out: “Correct, correct, we wish to ask for this favour as well.”

XuanJi have yet to reply as XuanCi said brightly: “Many thanks for everyone’s good intention, but our temple’s monastic discipline is unshakeable like a mountain, there cannot be any leeway. Law enforcement monk, quickly employ the rod.” the two law enforcement monks already suspend the punishment, when they heard the abbot’s firm speech, they have no choice but to carry on hitting. They administered another 40 rods, XuanCi cannot withstand anymore, his pair of hands soften and his face touch the ground.

Ye ErNiang cried: “You cannot blame abbot for this matter, it is all my fault! My father had a serious illness, great master abbot visit us to provide treatment, he saved my father’s life. I was grateful towards him, admire him, a woman from a poor family unable to return the favour, thus i gave myself to him. I was young, silly and ignorant, i did not realize my mistake, it is my fault. The….the….the remaining rod, let me receive it!” while weeping and shouting, she rush forward to lean on XuanCi’s body to receive the rod on his behalf.

XuanCi pointed with his left finger, with a light ‘Chi’ sound, he sealed her acupoint, he smile and said: “Silly woman, you are not a Buddhist nun, you did not break any prohibition, where is the sin?” Ye ErNiang lie down on the ground, unable to move, tears streaming down her eyes.

XuanCi shouted: “Administer the rod!” with great difficulty 200 rod was complete, blood flowing all over the ground, XuanCi forcefully summoned a mouthful of inner energy to protect his heart so as to avoid fainting due to the pain. The two law enforcement monks held the rod vertically and said to XuanJi: “Reporting to head-monk, abbot XuanCi’s punishment is done.” XuanJi nod his head, he don’t know what to say.

XuanCi struggled to stand up, he said: “XuanCi violated a major Buddhist prohibition, he cannot be the abbot of Shaolin anymore, from now on, the abbot position will be held by the head-monk of Discipline Courtyard XuanJi.” XuanJi step forward, he put his palms together and bow, tears streaming down his eyes, he said: “I receive the decree.”

XuanCi directed his finger at Ye ErNiang and pointed, he want to undo her sealed acupoint, unexpectedly it is difficult to condense internal energy due to his serious injury, his finger had no effect at all. Xu Zhu saw the situation, he quickly rush forward to undo his mother’s acupoint. XuanCi beckon both of them over, Ye ErNiang and Xu Zhu move beside him. Xu Zhu was in turmoil, he did not know if he should address him as “father” or “abbot”.

XuanCi stretch out his hands, right hand holding onto Ye ErNiang’s wrist, left hand holding onto Xu Zhu, he said: “For the past 20 years, every day every night, my heart worry for both mother and child, i committed a huge sin, but i don’t dare to confess to my fellow brothers, today i finally free myself, henceforth i have no fear or worry, my heart is at peace.” he said a Buddhist verse: “One’s time on earth, there is desire and affection, worries and hardship, to free oneself is happiness!” when he finish speaking he close his eyes slowly, his face revealed a peaceful smile.

Ye ErNiang and Xu Zhu don’t dare to move, they are unsure if he have more to say, however they felt his palm getting colder. Ye ErNiang had a huge shock, she stretch out her hand to check his breath, unexpectedly he died, she shouted out: “You….you….how can you abandon me and leave?” suddenly she leap up in the air, her body falling down from mid-air, with a ‘Peng’ sound she landed beside XuanCi’s feet, she twitch a few time and stop moving altogether.

Xu Zhu shouted: “Mother, mother! You….you….you must not……” he stretch out his hands to support his mother, however he saw a dagger stuck at the pit of her stomach, only the handle is exposed, most likely she died as well. Xu Zhu sealed the acupoints around her wound quickly, at the same time he channel his internal energy into XuanCi’s body, he was flustered, he desire to bring both of them back to life simultaneously. Xue MuHua rush forward to assist, however he saw their heart and breathing had ceased, there is no hope, he advised: “My condolence to martial uncle. You cannot save these two senior anymore.”

Xu Zhu refuse to give up, he channelled his [Pure Energy of Northern Darkness] for a long time, but where is the least bit of activity from them? Xu Zhu’s sorrow burst forth, he cannot help but sob loudly. For the past 24 years, he thought he was an orphan with no father and mother, he never get to experience the slightest bit of family bliss, today he finally found his biological parents, however the reunion was less than an hour and both of them died miserably.

Initially when the crowd of heard that Xu Zhu’s father is Shaolin’s abbot XuanCi, everyone felt that he did not abide monastic regulation, they despise him greatly, but later when he allowed himself to be punished in public to preserve Shaolin’s clear reputation, his bravery is truly extraordinary, such heavy punishment should be enough to make up for his moment of folly. Unexpectedly when he completed the corporal punishment and hand over the abbot’s position, he immediately severe his own meridian channels. Originally his death would have ended all trouble, he should have seek death early and not reveal his lascivious act, avoid the humiliation of 200 rods, however he refused to cover his past sin and insist on suffering the punishment of rods for the sake of protecting Shaolin’s clear reputation, its truly the conduct of a great hero and great man. The crowd respected his character and conduct, a lot of people walk forward and bow at his corpse in respect.

Crocodile Deity of Southern Sea said: “2nd sister, you are dead now, Yue LaoSan won’t fight with you for the ranking anymore, you can simply be number two.” he step forward and kowtow at Ye ErNiang’s corpse. For the past few years, he will do anything to fight for supremacy with Ye ErNiang, he hope to surpass her in martial arts and occupy the position of “Number Two Evil Under the Heaven”, unexpectedly he willingly cede the position to her, it is truly not easy for him but because he is devastated by her death and he also admired her courage to sacrifice her life for a noble cause.

__________

Annotate: Buddhist monastic disciplines undergo various change for successive generations. When Buddha was alive, many Indian monks disagreed over monastic disciplines, some monks pointed out that when a blind monk travels he will violate the prohibition against killing when he step on an ant, Buddha offered his explanation: Whether or not someone violates a prohibition, it ultimately boils down to the person’s intention and motivation (followers of Sakyamuni Buddha emphasize to have consideration for all things), when a blind monk steps on an ant it is accidental, he did not intend to kill, thus he did not violate any prohibition. When ancient Buddhist recount cause and effect, they will often use motivation and intention as the starting point. When Buddha was exterminated, Buddhist subdivide into many factions, “Sarvastivada” being the major faction, they have their own monastic disciplines but any faction can also comply with it. Various factions congregate frequently and attempt to unify scriptures and monastic disciplines, however they did not succeed because monastic discipline is part of everyday life, it will vary base on different geography, climate, habits and local customs. When ancient India’s Buddhism spread into China, the main monastic disciplines comprises of <> and <>, the regulations are not alike and the contents extremely complicated, there are a thousand prohibition, three thousand prohibition, twenty one thousand prohibition, up till eighty four thousand prohibition, thus due to the sheer size of content it is extremely easy for monks to break a prohibition, as a result there are four different situation, open, protect, persevere and crime, some prohibition are open-style, it does not require strict adherence; some prohibition are compulsory; for some prohibition, if they are violated, the monk only need to confess to his companion and repent and the prohibition can be considered to be forgiven.

Prohibition, in Sanskrit it is known as ‘Sila’, it stipulate the regulations guiding daily activities of Buddhist; Law, in Sanskrit it is known as ‘Vinara’, it is a set of rules governing Buddhist monastery and institution, prohibition and law are distinct and different. Basic prohibition is five prohibition for lay Buddhist, monks have ten prohibition for novice monk, for more comprehensive details in accordance with <> there is two hundred and fifty prohibition for Buddhist monk, three hundred and forty eight prohibition for Buddhist nun. After the rise of Mahayana Buddhism, base on <> and <> there is Bodhisattva prohibition, it is also known as Mahayana prohibition. At the beginning of China’s Tang dynasty, eminent monk ZhiShou make known <>, it offers India’s Buddhist prohibition base on current situation of China, his disciple DaoXuan established law school, known as Nanshan